Embedded System

🔍 What is an Embedded System?

An embedded system is a computer system designed to perform a specific task or function within a larger mechanical or electrical system.

It is a combination of hardware + software that is made for a dedicated application. Such as:

• Microwave oven

• Smartwatch

• ATM machine

• Smart TV

• Car’s ABS system

Embedded systems usually have:

• Microcontroller or Microprocessor

• Sensors and Actuators

• Firmware (software written in C/assembly)

🧠 Key Features of Embedded Systems

1. ✅ Dedicated Functionality – Har embedded system ek specific kaam ke liye design hota hai.

2. ⚡ Real-Time Operation – Timely response is critical (e.g., Airbag system in cars).

3. 💾 Low Memory and Storage – Limited RAM/ROM resources.

4. 🔌 Low Power Consumption – Designed to consume less power.

5. 🎛️ Interfacing Capabilities – Sensors, displays, motors, keypads, etc. se communicate karta hai.

6. 🛡️ Reliable & Stable – Long-term continuous operation ke liye optimized.

7. 🧩 Compact Size – Usually small and optimized for embedded use.

🧭 Types of Embedded Systems

Embedded systems ko unki complexity aur application ke basis par 4 main categories me divide kiya ja sakta hai:

1. Stand-alone Embedded System

• Kisi doosre system pe dependent nahi hota.

• Example: Washing Machine, Digital Camera

2. Real-Time Embedded System

• Time-bound output dena zaroori hota hai.

• Example: Airbag System, Medical Devices

3. Networked Embedded System

• Internet ya LAN ke through connected hota hai.

• Example: IoT Devices, Smart Home Systems

4. Mobile Embedded System

• Portable devices with embedded functions.

• Example: Mobile phones, smartwatches